Africa

North Africa: ° Algeria ° Egypt ° Libya ° Morocco ° Sudan
West Africa: ° Benin ° Cameroon ° Congo ° Cote d'Ivoire ° Gabon ° (Republic of the) Gambia ° Ghana ° Guinea ° Liberia ° Mauritania ° Mozambique ° Nigeria ° Sao Tome and Principe ° Senegal (Dakar) ° Sierra Leone
East Africa (The Horn of Africa): ° Djibouti ° Kenya ° Eritrea ° Madagascar ° Somalia ° Sudan ° Tanzania ° Zanzibar

Cote d'Ivoire

Thursday, October 14, 1897, The Bristol Times and Mirror

WEST COAST OF AFRICA
BRITISH TRADERS IN FRENCH COLONIES.

(Reuter's Special Service.)

Liverpool, Wednesday

West Africa.
Gvinee de meme que la plus grande partie du Pais des Negres. c. 1743"

Besides the officers already mentioned as sailing for West Africa by the Cabenda next Saturday, Captain F. A. Liston is going out by the same vessel to Sierra Leone to Join the West India Regiment. Paymaster A. F. H. Cos is also going in the Cobenda to Sierra Leone.

(Editor's Note: The above is spelled in the article as "Cabenda" and "Cobenda.")

It is understood that the steamer is taking out between 50 and 100 tons of stores for the Niger Expedition. They are officially scheduled as provisions. This Niger expedition is one in which two shallow-draught gunboats, Jackdaw and Heron, are to take part.

By the Angola, sailing on the 22nd inst., Major H. L. Gallwey leaves here for the Niger Coast Protectorate. On his arrival in the Protectorate it is understood that Sir Ralph Moor, who has now about finished the Benin palaver, will be returning to England.

The British and African Company's Boma arrived here this morning from the West and South-West coasts of Africa, including the River Congo.

The Boma had among her passengers seven Belgians. Nearly all had been employed on the railway which is being made into the interior, and most of them were invalided home. They reported that the Congo Free State was recruiting men in Middle Congo to serve in the army up the Congo River, and there had been a good deal of fighting.

The Boma left H.M.S. Alecte at Cape Lopez on the 4th September. Cape Lopez is a Spanish port on the French Ivory Coast, which includes the ports of Grand Bassam, Assinie, Grand Lahon, and other places. A duty of 6s, was to be enforced by the French on all logs of mahogany exported. This was to come into operation on the 1st inst., and when the Boma passed on September 23rd traders were getting off all the logs they possibly could. The French also require traders cutting mahogany to pay a yearly license of 1,000 francs. It was said that all foreign mahogany traders and exporters intended leaving the colony, as the license and duty could not be paid and trade carried on at a profit. A number of British native subjects were in the French Ivory Coast, but these, it was understood, would return to the adjacent Gold Coast Colony when the new duties were enforced.

The Boma left Sierra Leone on the 29th September. Three days previously the same company's steamer Bonny left the colony with 180 of the West India troops and eight officers. They were going up to Lagos, and it was understood at Sierra Leone that on their arrival at Lagos the troops would be displaced into the interior as far as the Morin boundary, which is on the borders of the Royal Niger Company's territory, in the vicinity of which the French are said to be hovering about.

It was also reported from Sierra Leone that the chiefs in Sherbro district were still stopping a good deal of trade in consequence of the protective ordinance which the Sierra Leone authorities were enforcing.

A number of chiefs from Sherbro had arrived at Sierra Leone, and expressed their intention of waiting there until the Governor (Sir Frederick Cardew) arrived. His Excellency leaves Liverpool next Saturday week in the African Company's steamer Angola, and is due at Sierra Leone on the 5th November. The chiefs stated their intention of petitioning her Majesty if their interview with the Governor was unsatisfactory, as they aver that it is with the Queen that they made their treaties in the first instance. Some of the chiefs had been in Freetown for about two months, so that altogether their stay there, if they wait till Governor Cardew reaches the Colony, will have been at least four months.

May 5, 1899, The Marion Daily Star, Marion, Ohio, USA

IVORY COAST
Is the Scene of a General Revolt by Natives
Against the French.

By Telegraph to the Star

Marseilles. May 15. Mail advices have been received here to the effect that there has been a general revolt on the Ivory coast of Africa. The rebels bought magazine rifles in Liberia and attacked the French troops, twenty-five miles from Tabon. Serious fighting followed, the French losing three officers and forty Senegalese killed and wounded. Several hundred of the rebels are reported to have been killed.

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The Diary of Antera Duke: An Eighteenth-Century African Slave Trader
Stephen D. Behrendt, A. J. H. Lathma, David Northrup
In his diary, Antera Duke (ca.1735-ca.1809) wrote the only surviving eyewitness account of the slave trade by an African merchant. A leader in late eighteenth-century Old Calabar, a cluster of Efik-speaking communities in the Cross River region, he resided in Duke Town, forty-five miles from the Atlantic Ocean in what is now southeast Nigeria. His diary, written in trade English from 1785 to 1788, is a candid account of daily life in an African community at the height of Calabar's overseas commerce. It provides valuable information on Old Calabar's economic activity both with other African businessmen and with European ship captains who arrived to trade for slaves, produce, and provisions.

Basil Davidson states that by examining three important areas of Africa in the history of slavery against a general background of their time and circumstance he was taking "a fresh look at the oversea slave trade, the steady year-by-year export of African labour to the West Indies and the Americas that marked the era of forced migration." (Africans were joined by abused laborers from China, "indentured servants" from Ireland, and Britain's hideous prison hulks.)

The Middle Passage: White Ships/ Black Cargo
Tom Feelings
Alex Haley's Roots awakened many Americans to the cruelty of slavery. The Middle Passage focuses attention on the torturous journey which brought slaves from Africa to the Americas, allowing readers to bear witness to the sufferings of an entire people. 64 paintings.

The Counter-Revolution of 1776:
Slave Resistance and the Origins of the United States of America
Gerald Home
The successful 1776 revolt against British rule in North America has been hailed almost universally as a great step forward for humanity. But the Africans then residing in the colonies overwhelmingly sided with London. In this trailblazing book, Gerald Horne complements his earlier celebrated Negro Comrades of the Crown, by showing that in the prelude to 1776, the abolition of slavery seemed all but inevitable in London, delighting Africans as much as it outraged slaveholders, and sparking the colonial revolt.

Middle Passages: African American Journeys to Africa, 1787-2005
James T. Campbell
Many works of history deal with the journeys of blacks in bondage from Africa to the United States along the middle passage, but there is also a rich and little examined history of African Americans traveling in the opposite direction. In Middle Passages, award-winning historian James T. Campbell recounts more than two centuries of African American journeys to Africa, including the experiences of such extraordinary figures as Langston Hughes, W.E.B. DuBois, Richard Wright, Malcolm X, and Maya Angelou. This series is under presiding editor Arthur Schlesinger, Jr.

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1899. World's Fleet. Boston Daily Globe

Lloyds Register of Shipping gives the entire fleet of the world as 28,180 steamers and sailing vessels, with a total tonnage of 27,673,628, of which 39 perent are British.

Great Britain	10,990 vessels, total tonnage of 10,792,714
United States	3,010 vessels, total tonnage of 2,405,887
Norway	2,528 vessels, tonnage of 1,604,230
Germany	1,676 vessels, with a tonnage of 2,453,334, in which are included her particularly large ships.
Sweden	1,408 vessels with a tonnage of 643, 527
Italy	1,150 vessels
France	1,182 vessels

For Historical Comparison
Top 10 Maritime Nations Ranked by Value (2017)

	Country	# of Vessels	Gross Tonnage (m)	Total Value (USDbn)
1	Greece	4,453	206.47	$88.0
2	Japan	4,317	150.26	$79.8
3	China	4,938	159.71	$71.7
4	USA	2,399	55.92	$46.5
5	Singapore	2,662	64.03	$41.7
6	Norway	1,668	39.68	$41.1
7	Germany	2,923	81.17	$30.3
8	UK	883	28.78	$24.3
9	Denmark	1,040	36.17	$23.4
10	South Korea	1,484	49.88	$20.1
Total		26,767	87.21	$466.9