France

° Angers ° Avignon ° Bordeaux ° Boulogne (° Eustace the Monk) ° Brest ° Caen ° Callais ° Cannes ° Cette ° Cherbourg ° Corsica ° Dieppe ° Gironde ° Le Havre ° LeMans ° Limoges ° Lyon Marseilles ° Monaco ° Montpellier ° Nantes ° Nice ° Orleans ° Paris ° Reims ° Rouen ° Toulon ° La Rochelle
° Napoleon Bonaparte

Gironde

July 25, 1815, Tuesday's London Gazette

Admiralty Office, July 25

Extract of a Letter from Captain Maitland, of his Majesty's ship Bellerphon to J. W. Croker, Esq. dated in Basque Roads, the 14th inst.

Napoleon on the Bellerophon For the information of my Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, I have to acquaint you that the Count Las Casses and General Alemand, this day came on board his Majesty's ship under my command, with a proposal for me to receive on board Napoleon Bonaparte, for the purpose of throwing himself generosity of his Royal Highness the Prince Regent. Conceiving myself authorised by their Lordships' secret order, I have acceded to the proposal, and he is to embark on board this ship tomorrow morning. That no misunderstanding might arise, I have explicitly and clearly explained to the County Las Casses, that I have no authority whatever for granting terms of any sort; but that all I can do is to convey him and his suite to England, to be received in such a manner as his Royal Highness may deem expedient. Copy of a Letter from Admiral Viscount Keith to John IV. Croker, Esq. dated on board his Majesty's ship Ville de Paris, in Hamoaze, the 21st instant. Ville de Paris, in Hamoaze, July 21.

Sir, Captain Knight, of the Falmouth, arrived last night from the Gironde, bringing the satisfactory intelligence of that river having been successfully entered without loss on the 13th instant, by the Pactorus, Hebrus, and Falmouth.

I inclose for their Lordships information, a copy of the Hon. Capt. Aylmer's letter, reporting his proceedings in the execution of this service, in which both Capt. Palmer and he have shewn a commendable zeal -- I have, &c.

J. W. Croker, Esq. (Signed) KEITH, Admiral

November 14, 1858, Daily Alta California, San Francisco, California, U.S.A.

A committee of French coal owners petition the Emperor to reduce the duty imposed on coal, by canal half a cectime a ton per kilometer. They complain that the grave condition of the coal trade in the centre and the south of France compels them to ask this. " In spite ot the reduction of selling prices and the diminution in wages, our stocks have accumulated, and we are obliged to limit our workings. English coals penetrate more and more by the Seine, the Loire, and the Gironde navigable ways on which the dues are not heavy. They drive from the market our products, which pay large dues on the canals on which they are conveyed. Owing to this cause, the trade by canal to the interior of the country is becoming reduced and disorganized.

February 12, 1874, Iron

CONSTRUCTION, ETC., ON THE CONTINENT.

THE Prefect of the Department of the Gironde invites tenders for the works necessary for the maintenance of the Lower Garonne and the Upper Gironde during the years 1874, 1875, and 1876. Estimated cost about 240,000 fr., or 80,000 fr. per annum. Tenders to be sent in by two p.m. on the 24th instant, and certificates, &c. eight days in advance. Particulars to be obtained at the Prefecture, Bordeaux . . .

September 30, 1882, Australian and New Zealand Gazette

For England, also, this department of the Gironde possesses an especial interest, as of the nine million gallons exported by France to Great Britain in 1881, for home consumption or for transhipment, nearly six and a half millions were from the Gironde, of which five million gallons were in cask, and the remaining one and a half million gallons in bottle. According to French statistics, England, in reality, is the best customer of France, taking between a sixth and a seventh of the total quantity of wine she exports, the next largest consumers, in order of importance, being Switzerland, Germany, Belgium, Algeria, the Argentine Republic, and the United States. The total quantity of wine exported by France during the last four years has been 61-1/2 million gallons in 1878; in 1879 nearly 67 million; in 1880, 54-3/4 million, and in 1881, slightly over 57-1/2 million gallons, the value of the quantity thus exported for 1881 alone being nearly 10-1/2 millions sterling. We cannot but recognise that the last three or four French vintages give cause for some anxiety in the future, as, in place of the 1,100 million gallons shown as the annual average produce of the years 1872 to 1881, the latter year, if regarded by itself, yielded only 750 million gallons, and it is very doubtful whether the vintage of 1882 will exceed that quantity, if, indeed, it does not fall short of it. We believe that the above particulars may be taken as a fair resume of the state of affairs, so far as this year's vintage in France is concerned. As to the effect upon prices in England the next few weeks will decide.

April 28, 1887, Echo, London, Middlesex, Great Britain

SHIPPING DISASTER IN THE GIRONDE
(Reuter's Telegram)

Bordeaux, April 28. The English steamer Forest Queen, while proceeding down the River Gironde yesterday evening on her way to Hull, and when about fifty-five miles off the Point de la Coubre, ran into and sank the fishing boat Blanche, which had a crew of six men on board. One man was drowned. The Forest Queen having sustained serious damage, will return to Bordeaux today for repairs.

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A Voyage to California, the Sandwich Islands, and Around the World in the Years 1826-1829
Auguste Duhaut-Cilly, August Fruge (Editor, Translator), Neal Harlow (Editor, Translator).
While French sea captain Auguste Duhaut-Cilly may not have become wealthy from his around-the-world travels between 1826 and 1829, his trip has enriched historians interested in early nineteenth-century California. Because of a poor choice in goods to trade he found it necessary to spend nearly two years on the Alta and Baja California coasts before disposing of his cargo and returning to France. What was bad luck for Duhaut-Cilly was good luck for us, however, because he recorded his impressions of the region's natural history and human populations in a diary. This translation of Duhaut-Cilly's writing offers today's readers a rare eyewitness account of the pastoral society that was Mexican California, including the missions at the height of their power.

A veteran of the Napoleonic wars, Duhaut-Cilly was an educated man conversant in Spanish and English. He was also Catholic, which gave him special access to the California missions. Thus his diary allows the reader an insider's view of the padres' lives, including their dealings with the military. Through his eyes we see the region's indigenous people and how they were treated, and we're privy to his commentary on the behavior of the Californios.

This translation also contains Duhaut-Cilly's account of the Sandwich Islands portion of his voyage and provides an authentic rendering of life at sea during the early nineteenth century. In the spirit of Richard Henry Dana's Two Years before the Mast, Duhaut-Cilly's reflections are a historical gem for anyone with a love of personal narratives and original accounts of the past.

The French Revolution and Human Rights :
(A Brief Documentary History
Bedford Series in History and Culture)
Author Lynn Hunt, Eugen Weber Professor of Modern European History at University of California at Los Angeles, received her B.A. from Carleton College and her M.A. and Ph.D. from Stanford University.

She is the author of Revolution and Urban Politics in Provincial France: Troyes and Reims, 1786-1790, Politics, Culture, and Class in the French Revolution: With a New Preface, 20th Anniversary Edition (Studies on the History of Society and Culture, No. 1), and The Family Romance of the French Revolution
She is also the co-author of Telling the Truth About History (1994), co-author of Liberty, Equality, Fraternity: Exploring the French Revolution (2001, with CD-ROM), editor of The New Cultural History (1989), editor and translator of The French Revolution and Human Rights (1996), and co-editor of Histories: French Constructions of the Past (1995), Beyond the Cultural Turn (1999), and Human Rights and Revolutions (2000). She has been awarded fellowships by the Guggenheim Foundation and the National Endowment for the Humanities and is a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. She served as president of the American Historical Association in 2002.

Rebel Daughters: Women and the French Revolution
(Publications of the University of California Humanities Research Institute)
Sara E. Melzer

General and Madame de Lafayette:
Partners in Liberty's Cause in the American and French Revolutions
Jason Lane
This biography of French liberator Marquis de Lafayette (1757-1834) reveals not only how the nineteen-year-old bravely ventured to the infant United States to serve in its War of Independence, but also the iconoclast's contribution to the causes of social and economic justice in France, Italy, Spain, Greece, and Poland. The Marquise (1759-1807), born Adrienne de Noailles, shared the same controversial beliefs as her husband, supporting and defending him wholeheartedly despite ongoing political persecution-including the Marquis's exile in an Austrian dungeon and her own imprisonment (and near-execution) by French radicals.

Admiral Lord Howe
Library of Naval Biography.
David Syrett. James Bradford.
Admiral Lord Howe's long and honored career as a naval commander and diplomat made him a significant figure in eighteenth-century England. This thoroughly researched book fills a large gap in Royal Navy history as it examines Admiral Howe's life from his days as a midshipman through his service in four wars: the Seven Year War where he led the attack on Quiberon Bay, the American Revolutionary War where he commanded the British squadron, the Third Relief of Gibraltar, and the French Revolutionary War where he defeated the French fleet on the Glorious First of June.

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1899. World's Fleet. Boston Daily Globe

Lloyds Register of Shipping gives the entire fleet of the world as 28,180 steamers and sailing vessels, with a total tonnage of 27,673,628, of which 39 perent are British.

Great Britain	10,990 vessels, total tonnage of 10,792,714
United States	3,010 vessels, total tonnage of 2,405,887
Norway	2,528 vessels, tonnage of 1,604,230
Germany	1,676 vessels, with a tonnage of 2,453,334, in which are included her particularly large ships.
Sweden	1,408 vessels with a tonnage of 643, 527
Italy	1,150 vessels
France	1,182 vessels

For Historical Comparison
Top 10 Maritime Nations Ranked by Value (2017)

	Country	# of Vessels	Gross Tonnage (m)	Total Value (USDbn)
1	Greece	4,453	206.47	$88.0
2	Japan	4,317	150.26	$79.8
3	China	4,938	159.71	$71.7
4	USA	2,399	55.92	$46.5
5	Singapore	2,662	64.03	$41.7
6	Norway	1,668	39.68	$41.1
7	Germany	2,923	81.17	$30.3
8	UK	883	28.78	$24.3
9	Denmark	1,040	36.17	$23.4
10	South Korea	1,484	49.88	$20.1
Total		26,767	87.21	$466.9