Present-day Serbia was originally the Roman territory of Dalmatia. In the 7th Century AD Slav tribes from the Carpathian Mountains region moved into Dalmatia and displaced the Romanised population. In the 9th Century the settlers accepted the authority of the powerful Byzantine Empire and became Orthodox Christians.
In 1804-1813 a revolt against Ottoman rule was led by Djordje Petrovic ('Karadorde'), but ultimately failed. A second revolt in 1815-1817 under Milos Obrenovic was more successful, resulting in Serbia gaining partial autonomy. The defeat of the Ottomans in the Russo-Turkish War of 1829 saw Serbia established as a fully autonomous Principality. In 1867 Turkish garrison troops were withdrawn from Serbia and in July 1878 the Treaty of Berlin formally gave full independence to Serbia. In March 1882 Serbia became a kingdom. During the 1800s Serbia transformed itself from a backward principality into a modern state comparable with any other in Europe. Rapid industrialisation soon bestowed growing economic and military power.
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